Start with the grid

For a full-cross chart, one square represents one cross. Count across the chart and work the same number of fabric squares. Heavier grid lines often mark groups of ten; check the chart numbering instead of assuming every dark line means ten.

On Aida, a cross normally spans one fabric square. Empty chart squares usually show unstitched fabric. Check the key: a white stitch can have its own symbol, so white thread and an empty square are different things.

A filled circle in one chart square maps to one full cross between four Aida holes; the surrounding squares stay empty.
One square. One cross.In this sample key, a filled circle means a full cross. The four corner holes define one Aida square. Empty squares are left unstitched.Open full-size diagram (new tab)

Match symbols to the thread key

Find a symbol in the chart, then find that same symbol in the legend. Use the listed floss brand, number and strand instructions. The printed color is a visual aid; printer settings and screens can change its appearance. For a DMC-keyed pattern, match the DMC number on the floss label.

A full skein of stranded cotton contains separable strands. Use the number specified by the pattern, rather than automatically stitching with all of them. Backstitch and other details may call for a different count from the full crosses.

Sample chart and legend: filled circle is DMC 310 Black, diamond is DMC 321 Red, and open circle is DMC B5200 Snow White.
Read the symbol, then the key.Symbols are assigned by the designer and can change between patterns. Here, the open circle is a white stitch; a blank square is not. Match your own key and its strand instructions.Open full-size diagram (new tab)

Find your starting point

Look for center arrows or center coordinates on the chart. Mark the center of your fabric with a loose temporary thread or a light fold, leaving the finishing allowance around the design. A center start helps place the design, but a corner start can work if you measure the margins carefully first.

Before making the first cross, count the distance from your chosen starting square to the center in both directions. Count it again on the fabric. This small check is easier than moving a finished section.

An eight-by-eight chart has center guides four squares from each edge, meeting between the four central squares.
Find the middle before you start.This even-sized chart centers on a grid intersection. Align that point with your fabric center, then count to your chosen first stitch. Odd-sized charts can center within a square.Open full-size diagram (new tab)

Check overlaps and special stitches

When a chart spans several pages, look for page numbers, continuation marks and shaded overlap areas. An overlap repeats stitches to help you line pages up; stitch that area once. Compare the grid coordinates before moving to the next page.

Lines, small circles or divided squares may represent backstitch, knots or fractional stitches. Their meaning belongs in the instructions. Do not treat every mark as a full cross.

Two chart pages repeat columns 5 and 6 in a shaded band with identical symbols; these columns are stitched only once.
An overlap is a repeat, not more stitches.Use the numbered grid to match the overlap. These two shaded columns belong to one continuous design, even though both pages show them.Open full-size diagram (new tab)

Before you begin

  • Check the design's width and height in stitches.
  • Check the fabric count and finished size, including room for finishing.
  • Gather the listed floss and read the strand guidance.
  • Choose the color or black-and-white chart that is easiest for you to follow.
  • Keep one working copy for marking progress so you do not lose your place.

A PDF is the pattern file. Fabric, thread and a finished stitched object are only included if the listing explicitly says so. Here is how to find your pattern after buying on Etsy.